In a ballistic movement they come into play at the end to stop the movement and to maintain safety in the joint. In a slow movement the antagonistic muscles work together with the prime muscle movers during the entire movement. For example, in most ballistic movements the movement is terminated when the antagonistic muscles come into play near the end of the movement. In more ballistic or speed-type movements there is proprioceptor feedback from the muscles and joints which monitors the movement and makes modifications if needed. This allows the muscles to work in close coordination with one another not only to accomplish the movement, but to protect the joint. Since the movements are relatively slow when using heavy weights there is continuous feedback to the nervous system. But when the triceps contracts it holds the forearm in the elbow so that no damage to the joint occurs. If only the biceps, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles contracted, the force of their contraction would be so great that it could pull the elbow joint apart. Contraction of the triceps plays an important role in helping to stabilize and maintain elbow joint integrity. This allows you to go through the full range of movement. Not only does the biceps (and other elbow flexors) contract strongly, but the antagonist triceps also undergoes contraction, but not as strong as the biceps. This can be seen when doing a biceps curl. For example, when very heavy weights are used and the movement is slow, both the agonists (muscles mainly involved) and the antagonists (muscles opposed to the action) contract simultaneously. In many cases of muscle synergy, the greater the additional muscle involvement the greater will be the effect on an individual muscle. Because other muscles may be involved in a particular movement, it should not be considered a negative factor. The muscles work together in many different ways to enable you to produce the effect desired. It is also important to understand that a muscle does not work in isolation. The isolation is needed for maximum muscle growth and is considered good practice. As a rule, athletes and bodybuilders do exercises in a way that creates isolation of the muscle or involves several muscles when doing compound exercises.
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